Roberto Esposito is an Italian philosopher, who is important for his work in biopolitics.

Roberto Esposito was born in Piano di Sorrento where he graduated at the University of Naples 'Federico II'. He currently teaches Theoretical Philosophy at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy. He was Vice Director of the Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane, Full Professor of Theoretical Philosophy, and the coordinator of the doctoral programme in Philosophy until 2013. For five years he was the only Italian member of the International Council of Scholars of the Collège International de Philosophie in Paris.

He was one of the founders of the European Political Lexicon Research Centre and of the International Centre for a European Legal and Political Lexicon, which was established by a consortium made up of the Universities of Bologna, Florence, Padua, Salerno, Naples L'Orientale and Naples S. Orsola Benincasa. He is co-editor of Filosofia Politica published by il Mulino, the series 'Per la Storia della Filosofia Politica' published by Franco Angeli, the series 'Storia e teoria politica' published by Bibliopolis, and the series 'Comunità e Libertà' published by Laterza. He is editor of the 'Teoria e Oggetti' series published by Liguori and also acts as a philosophy consultant for publishers Einaudi.

His 2012 monograph, Living Thought. The Origins and Actuality of Italian Philosophy (trans. Zakiya Hanafi, Stanford UP, 2012), is dedicated to Italian philosophical thought, and aims at creating a historical and theoretical background for the definition of the notion of "Italian Theory".

He has been featured in the Summer 2006 and Fall 2009 issues of the journal Diacritics and the Fall 2013 special issue of Angelaki.